- It is defined as the perversion of sense of smell.
- It is caused by Sū’-i Mizāj ( Morbid temperament) of anterior part of brain, accumulation of varied kind of bad quality humors in the anterior part of brain.1It is also caused by the presence of decayed matter or putrefied ulcer on the posterior and uppermost part of the nose. Sometimes, it is caused due to trauma of nasal bone or obstruction in the upper most part of nose.
- It is characterized by the perception of only one kind of smell, good or bad.
- It is defined as the perversion of sense of smell.
- It is caused by Sū’-i Mizāj ( Morbid temperament) of anterior part of brain, accumulation of varied kind of bad quality humors in the anterior part of brain.1It is also caused by the presence of decayed matter or putrefied ulcer on the posterior and uppermost part of the nose. Sometimes, it is caused due to trauma of nasal bone or obstruction in the upper most part of nose.
- It is characterized by the perception of only one kind of smell, good or bad.
- Instillation of Qutūr (Nasal Drops) prepared after dissolving Amber (Ambergris) in Āb-i Pudīna (Juice of fresh Mentha arvensis Linn.).
- Inhalation of Mushk (Musk) in case of perception of only bad odours.
- Inhalation of Jundbedastar (Castorium) in case of perception of only good odours.
- Instillation of Qutūr (Nasal Drops) prepared with Kalonjī (Nigella sativa Linn.) vinegar and olive oil.
- Nafūkh (Insufflation) with powder of Hurmul (Peganum harmala Linn.) and Filfil Safed (Piper nigrum Linn.).
Compound drugs:
| Roghan-i Bādam Talkh | Used as snuff |
- Aghziya Mubakkhira - The foods liable to produce flatus and vapours e.g. cabbage, pea, brinjal, cauliflower, beans, turnip, etc.
- Nasoscopy
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging of head
- Odor Stix Test
- UPSIT (University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test)
- Fasd (Bloodletting)
- Hijāma (Cupping) on head
- Aghziya Ghayr Mubakkhira